REVISION AND PRACTICE
Week 10 — Quick Revision
On this page 5 headings
Start here Systems thinking, all on one page.
What is a system?
- System = elements + interconnections + purpose (digestive system: organs + links + digesting food).
- Heap vs system: remove a stone from a heap and nothing changes; remove a wall from a house and it falls.
- Systems thinking = a holistic approach: how parts connect, how a system relates to larger systems, and how one change affects the rest.
- Food chain: kill the snakes, rats multiply, the grass dies.
- Doctor: treats the whole body because everything is connected.
- Blind men and the elephant: the whole is not the sum of its parts.
Examples and the systems view
- IIT Madras (students, faculty, facilities; linked to government, parents, alumni).
- Cricket match (fans are an element too).
- Food delivery (rider → restaurant → supply chain → farmer → monsoon).
- Systems view: everything is connected; no problem exists in a silo.
- Wolves in Yellowstone changed the rivers. We are part of the system too (hot shower, traffic jam).
Habits of a systems thinker (lecture examples)
| Habit | Example |
|---|---|
| Big picture | Helicopter view of your life; the band; rainwater harvesting |
| Consequences (short, long, unintended) | Sugar → kidneys → work; Operation Cat Drop; outbound training; “no tooth!” |
| Mental models | Single parent’s promotion belief; “I’m not creative” |
| Structure → behaviour | Table vs side-by-side; snack jars; WhatsApp routine; sweet shop on the way home |
| Don’t rush to a conclusion | Student’s supervisor change: hear both sides |
| Leverage points | Projector on another phase; LTAP time audit |
| Connections | Plant ↔︎ bees, birds, sun, water; draw cause-and-effect diagrams |
| Feedback loops | Hunger cycle; office rumours; the king in disguise |
| Time delays | Education policy consultation |
| Accumulations | Votes; inventory, dead stock, just-in-time |
| Change over time | Rainwater system 20 years later |
| Test assumptions | Hybrid work: “What if 2 days in office?” |
Guidelines
- 14 habits (Waters Center). Master one every 15 days.
- Ask: Beyond the problem? Others’ views? Long run? Unintended effects?
- Books: The Fifth Discipline (Peter Senge); Thinking in Systems (Donella Meadows).
